Adaptogens vs. Nootropics: What’s the Difference?

Everybody seems to be talking about adaptogens and nootropics, but what exactly are they, and are they the same thing? While the terms are often used interchangeably because some plants and herbs can serve as both, their primary purposes are distinct. In this article, we’ll break down the differences between adaptogens and nootropics and explore their unique benefits.

What Are Adaptogens?

Adaptogens are pharmacologically active compounds or plant extracts that help the body resist stress, stabilise metabolic functions, and enhance both mental and physical performance. These natural substances help the body become more resilient to stress without increasing the need for additional oxygen. There are two main types of adaptogens: plant-based and synthetic. While plant adaptogens have been used for centuries, the term itself was only introduced in 1947 by Soviet scientist Lazarev.

Adaptogens started gaining attention in professional sports about 50 years ago because of their ability to boost physical endurance and reduce stress. Research suggests they may also help with chronic fatigue, cognitive issues, and even support the immune system. Looking ahead, we might see adaptogens being used in medicinal products for therapeutic purposes, opening up even more possibilities for their benefits!

What Are Nootropics?

Nootropics, often called "smart drugs" or "cognitive enhancers," are substances that boost brain functions like memory and learning, especially when these abilities need a little help. The term was coined in the early 1970s by Cornelius E. Giurgea, combining two Greek words: *nöos* (meaning "thinking") and *tropein* (meaning "to guide").

These substances, which can be natural or synthetic, work by enhancing brain health and cognitive performance. They are commonly available as dietary supplements or herbal extracts and can improve thinking, learning, and memory by interacting with the metabolism of brain cells in the central nervous system.

What is the key difference?

In simple terms, adaptogens help the body adapt to physical, emotional, and environmental stressors, promoting overall well-being. Their benefits are widespread across the body, and their actions are non-specific. On the other hand, nootropics specifically target cognitive functions, enhancing mental performance and brain health.

Popular Adaptogens and Nootropics

Here are some of the most well-known adaptogens and nootropics, along with their unique benefits:

Rhodiola Rosea (Golden Root): Reduces fatigue from stress and boosts serotonin, improving mood.

Reishi (Mushroom of Immortality): Enhances immune function, acts as an antioxidant, and reduces anxiety while improving sleep.

Lion’s Mane (Mountain Priest Mushroom): Boosts cognitive performance, promotes nerve growth, and strengthens the immune system.

Ginkgo Biloba (Living Fossil): Improves blood circulation and oxygenates the brain, enhancing memory and mood.

Ashwagandha (Indian Ginseng): Regulates cortisol, relieves stress, and supports healthy sleep cycles.

While adaptogens and nootropics share some overlapping benefits, they serve different primary functions. Adaptogens focus on helping the body cope with stress, while nootropics enhance cognitive abilities. Both have their roots in natural remedies and show promise in improving mental and physical well-being, though clinical trials, especially on nootropics, are still ongoing. Understanding their differences can help you make informed choices about which might benefit you most.

Resources: 

Velislava Todorova , Kalin Ivanov and others, Plant Adaptogens, History and Future Perspectives, 2021

Panossian, A.G.; Efferth, T.; Shikov and others, Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress and ageing related diseases. Med. Res. Rev. 2020

Panossian, A. Understanding adaptogenic activity: Specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2017